When it comes time to repair a commercial roof, property owners in Ohio tend to hire professional roofing contractors because they don’t have the time. However, this usually applies to large properties that are too large for one person to fix. However, one can use this guide to learn how to fix commercial roof leaks or other roofing issues for smaller roofs.

A small roof can be repaired by a few people, and the difficulty will range from easy to complex. In most cases, some roofing issues need to be repaired in a certain way to achieve excellent results. That’s why it’s important to learn the basics of repairing the roofs of commercial buildings and which repair process is suited for a specific roofing type.

The Standard Step-By-Step Process of Repairing a Commercial Roof

Commercial roof repairs are a detailed process that involves careful assessment, preparation, and execution to ensure effective and lasting results. Below is a step-by-step process on the general approach to repairing a commercial roof:

1. Roof Inspection and Assessment

The first step in a commercial roof repair is a thorough inspection of the roof to identify and assess the signs of damage. This might include checking for obvious signs such as leaks, blisters, punctures, or deterioration. Commercial roofing contractors generally walk around the roof and may use leak-detection technology to pinpoint issues. However, a roof replacement may be necessary if the damage is beyond repair.

2. Cleaning the Roof

Before any repair work can start, the roof must be cleaned to remove dirt, debris, and obstacles from the repair area. This usually involves sweeping or blowing away loose debris and using cleaners or pressure washing to remove dust and grime from roofing materials. A clean surface ensures that adhesives or patches adhere properly and effectively.

3. Damage Removal and Preparation

Once the roof is clean, the damaged sections need to be prepared for repair. To expose a solid, clean base for the repair, you need to cut or remove loose, blistered, or defective roofing material. This step may involve using utility knives, cutting tools, and other techniques specific to the roofing material.

4. Material and Equipment Preparation

The appropriate repair materials and tools must be gathered and prepared. This could include roofing cement, patches, replacement panels, sealants, adhesives, and specialized equipment like heat welders for certain types of commercial roof membranes. Proper preparation ensures the repair process is smooth and uninterrupted.

5. Repair Application

The actual repair is done by applying the necessary materials to the affected areas. This could involve laying down patch materials, applying waterproofing layers, welding seams, or securing loose elements.

Each type of material has its own procedures and requirements, whether installing a new section of a roof membrane, applying a metal patch, or embedding gravel for built-up roofs.

6. Sealing and Finishing

After the repair application, all edges and seams need to be properly sealed to prevent water intrusion. Using appropriate sealants or roofing cement, the repair area is finished to integrate smoothly with the existing roofing system. This step can restore the section to be watertight and durable.

7. Inspection and Maintenance Planning

Once the commercial roof repairs are complete, a final inspection is done to check if the work has been done correctly and no areas have been missed. It’s also ideal for creating or updating a commercial roof maintenance plan, which includes regular inspections and preventative measures to minimize roofing issues and costly repairs. The plan helps sustain the longevity and performance of the commercial roof over time.

What Are the Causes of Roof Damage?

It’s vital to understand the common causes of roof damage that can compromise a roofing system’s integrity and functionality. By recognizing these well-known factors, you can better anticipate potential issues, allowing you to conduct only minor repairs.

Here are some of the primary causes of roof damage that you should be aware of:

Weather Conditions. Extreme weather conditions such as heavy rain, snow, hail, and strong winds can cause serious damage. For example, hail can puncture roofing materials, while accumulated snow and ice can cause ice dams, leading to water infiltration.
Sun Exposure. Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) sun rays can degrade roofing materials, causing them to crack, curl, or become brittle, diminishing their protective capabilities over time.
Poor Installation. Incorrect installation methods can lead to inadequate sealing of joints and fasteners, leaving vulnerabilities for water infiltration and reducing the roof’s overall lifespan.
Lack of Maintenance. Forgoing routine maintenance, such as cleaning gutters, inspecting for damage, and replacing worn materials, can lead to unchecked deterioration and turn minor issues into severe problems.
Tree Damage. Overhanging trees can cause roof damage because of falling branches or leaves that trap moisture and promote decay. Additionally, branches rubbing against the roof can damage shingles or other materials over time.
Foot Traffic. Frequently walking on the roof, especially in high-traffic areas, can cause surface damage, punctures, or indentation of roofing materials, compromising their effectiveness.
Ponding Water. Flat or low-sloped roofs are susceptible to ponding, where water collects instead of draining away. If not managed properly, this standing water can create leaks, material degradation, and structural damage.
Improper Ventilation. Poor attic ventilation can cause heat and moisture buildup under the roof, deteriorating the shingles prematurely and increasing the risk of mold or mildew.
Animal Activity. Birds, rodents, and other animals can damage roofs by nesting or gnawing on roofing materials, creating entry points for water and other pests.
Building Settling. Natural settling of the building structure can cause shifts in the roofing framework, leading to cracks or separations in roofing materials, making the roof more susceptible to water intrusion.

Different Types of Roofs for Commercial Buildings

Built-Up Roofing (BUR)

Comprised of several layers, built-up roofing is a classic choice for flat or low-sloped roofs. The layers typically consist of asphalt, tar, or bitumen combined with reinforcing fabrics. A final gravel or stone aggregate layer is pressed in for additional protection. Known for its durability, BUR can last decades and offer excellent resistance to water and UV rays, though its installation can be labor-intensive and costly.

Modified Bitumen Roofing

An evolution of built-up roofing, modified bitumen roofing is a single-ply system that combines the durability of asphalt with special polymerized materials. It is often installed in layers on a building using a hot-mop technique or cold adhesives. The flexibility and resilience of modified bitumen make it ideal for commercial roofs subject to heavy foot traffic.

Metal Roofing

Known for its longevity and durability, metal roofing is a popular choice in commercial applications. Made from steel, aluminum, or copper, metal roofs can last 50 years or more with proper maintenance. They are highly resistant to environmental elements such as wind, rain, and snow and often come with fire-resistant properties. Metal roofing systems can be installed as panels or shingles, offering a sleek, modern aesthetic.

Thermoplastic Roofing (TPO/PVC)

Thermoplastic roofing membranes, like TPO (Thermoplastic Olefin) and PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride), are favored for their energy efficiency and adaptability to various climate conditions. These single-ply membranes are heat-welded at the seams to create a reliable, waterproof barrier. They can resist UV radiation, chemicals, and punctures, making them suitable for flat roofs in commercial settings.

Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM)

Commonly referred to as “rubber roofing,” EPDM is a durable single-ply membrane used widely on low-slope commercial roofs. It is known for its versatility, ease of installation, and affordability. EPDM roofs can withstand UV rays, ozone, and some chemicals and perform well in various temperatures.

Green Roofing

Increasingly popular for its environmental benefits, green roofing involves installing vegetation and soil over a waterproof membrane. This system can be extensive, with a thin layer of soil and self-sustaining plants, or intensive, with a broader range of vegetation requiring more structural support.

Why a Commercial Roofing Project Permit Is Important and When to Get One

Obtaining a commercial roofing project permit is a vital step to achieve success and legality of any roofing endeavor. This requirement is usually enforced by local building authorities and serves several vital purposes. Below is a detailed explanation of why a roofing permit is important and when to get one:

Legal Compliance

Adherence to Local Codes. Building codes and regulations are established by local governments for structural safety and integrity. A permit verifies that the proposed roofing project adheres to these standards.
Avoidance of Penalties. Failing to acquire the necessary permits can result in fines, work stoppages, and legal disputes, leading to increased costs and project delays.

Safety Assurance

Inspection Process. Permits require inspections by local authorities at different stages of the project. This ensures the work is done safely and according to code.
Protection of Workers and Occupants. Ensuring safety standards are met protects workers on the job and the building’s occupants and neighbors.

Quality Assurance

Use of Approved Materials and Techniques. The permit process generally requires that specific materials and installation techniques meet industry standards, which maintains the quality and longevity of the roofing system.
Accountability of Contractors. A permit requires contractors to follow legal protocols, which offers building owners a form of recourse if the work does not meet the specified standards.

Insurance and Liability

Validity of Insurance Claims. Many insurance policies require permits to be in place to validate claims related to roofing work. Unauthorized work might lead to claim denials.
Reduced Liability Risk. With a proper permit, liability issues stemming from accidents or damages during the roofing process are minimized.

Financial Implications

Property Value. Having permits indicates that all work was done up to code, potentially increasing or maintaining the property value.
Resale Complications. When selling the property, unpermitted work can complicate or reduce the sale price as potential buyers and inspectors may have concerns over compliance and safety.

When to Get a Commercial Roofing Permit

Before Project Commencement. A permit must be obtained before any work begins. This involves submitting detailed plans and specifications to the appropriate local authority for review.
Project Planning Stage. Factor in the time it may take to process the permit when scheduling the project. Delays can occur if additional information or revisions are required.
When Structural Changes Are Involved. Even if a permit wasn’t necessary, updates that involve structural changes, such as changes to the building’s roofline or support systems, will require a permit.
For Major Repairs or Replacements. Regular roof maintenance may not require permits, but major repairs or complete roof replacements usually will.

Things to Consider When Repairing a Commercial Roofing Systems

Even if you’ve learned how to repair a commercial flat roof, various considerations are still involved so that the process is effective, safe, and economically viable. Here are some key things to consider:

Roof Type and Material. Different roofing materials (e.g., metal, TPO, EPDM, asphalt shingles) and styles (e.g., flat, pitched) have unique repair methods and requirements. Knowing the needs of each material helps tailor the repair approach for durability and effectiveness.
Extent of Damage. Assess the severity of the damage to determine whether a simple repair is needed or if larger sections of the roof need replacement. Extensive damage may indicate hidden issues requiring more comprehensive solutions.
Climate and Weather Conditions. The local climate affects repair timing and methods. For instance, wet or cold conditions can complicate repairs and affect material performance, making it ideal to plan repairs during optimal weather.
Budget Constraints. Budgeting is vital to ensure the repair is cost-effective without compromising quality. It involves evaluating materials, labor costs, and potential hidden expenses such as structural reinforcement or unexpected damage.
Long-Term Durability. Consider options that fix immediate issues and enhance the roof’s longevity. High-quality materials and techniques can lower future repairs and extend the roof’s lifespan.
Building Use and Occupancy. The building’s purpose can dictate repair priorities. For example, a commercial property with tenants may require minimal disruption, requiring specific scheduling or phased repairs.
Regulations and Building Codes. Compliance with local building codes and regulations guarantees legal and safety standards are met. Failure to adhere can result in fines, legal challenges, or unsafe structures.
Inspections and Maintenance History. Reviewing past inspections and maintenance records can reveal recurrent issues or vulnerabilities that might inform the repair approach.
Safety Concerns. Safety is paramount for both workers and building occupants. Proper safety protocols, such as harnessing, protective barriers, and warning signs, must be observed during repairs to prevent accidents.
Energy Efficiency and Insulation. Consider repair solutions that improve energy efficiency, such as enhancing insulation or installing reflective roof coatings, which can reduce energy costs.
Warranty and Insurance. Make sure the roofing repairs are covered by a warranty for workmanship and materials. Review insurance policies to understand coverage options and responsibilities in the event of mishaps during repairs.

How to Seal a Commercial Roof?

Sealing a commercial roof is an essential maintenance task that can extend the roof’s longevity, improve energy efficiency, and prevent the building from water damage. Creating a waterproof barrier protects the roof from harsh rain, sun, and temperature fluctuations, protecting the building’s structural integrity.

Here is the general process of sealing a commercial roof:

1. Assessment and Preparation

Thoroughly inspect the roof to identify any existing damage, such as cracks, blisters, or leaks. Repair any issues before sealing to create a sound surface. Clean the roof of dirt, debris, and mildew, as a clean surface provides better sealant adhesion.

2. Select the Right Sealant

Choose a sealant compatible with your roofing material. Common types include acrylic, silicone, polyurethane, and asphalt-based sealants. The choice depends on factors like climate conditions, roof material, and desired properties such as UV resistance or elasticity.

3. Weather Conditions

Plan the sealing process during ideal weather conditions—typically dry and moderate temperatures. This will allow the sealant to cure properly and stick effectively to the roof surface.

4. Application Process

Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for application. Generally, sealants are applied using rollers, brushes, or sprayers. Start at one end and work systematically to cover the entire roof for an even, uniform layer. Pay special attention to seams, edges, and areas around vents and protrusions, as these are common leak points.

5. Curing Time

Allow enough time for the sealant to cure before exposing it to rain or foot traffic. Curing times depend on the type of sealant used and environmental conditions. Proper curing ensures the sealant forms a durable, continuous barrier.

6. Inspect the Sealed Roof

After curing, inspect the roof to ensure complete and uniform coverage. Look for missed spots or thin areas and reapply sealant if necessary. This final inspection helps confirm the quality of the sealing job.

When Should You Do a Complete Replacement on a Commercial Roof?

Deciding when to do a complete roofing replacement can prevent more severe structural issues and financial expenses. Some of the key indicators it may be time for a full roof replacement include:

Age of the Roof. Most commercial roofing systems have a lifespan of 20-30 years, depending on the material and maintenance. If the roof is nearing or exceeding this age, a replacement may be necessary despite appearing functional.
Persistent Leaks. Frequent leaks or signs of water damage that recur despite repairs indicate underlying issues that patching alone cannot resolve, necessitating more extensive intervention.
Extensive Damage. Severe cracks, punctures, or large areas with missing or curling shingles can compromise the entire roof, warranting a full replacement.
Structural Issues. Signs of structural damage, such as sagging or areas that feel soft or spongy when walked upon, suggest underlying problems with the roof’s integrity that require comprehensive repairs or replacement.
Energy Inefficiency. Increased energy costs and poor temperature regulation can signal that the roof is no longer effectively insulating the building, indicating potential insulation failure and roof deterioration.
Mold and Mildew Growth. Persistent mold or mildew, especially if accompanied by noticeable odors or stains inside the building, suggests chronic moisture issues that may require removing and replacing the roof structure.
Extensive Ponding Water. For flat or low-slope roofs, widespread ponding can cause severe material degradation, indicating that the roof is no longer properly draining and may require replacement.
Deteriorating Roof Membrane. If a huge portion of the membrane shows signs of blistering, tearing, or detachment from the substrate, it may be beyond repair, making replacement a more viable solution.
Visible Decking or Structural Issues. When the roof deck shows signs of rot or other structural compromises, it’s often a clear indication for replacement, as these issues can affect the entire roofing system’s safety and functionality.
Cost of Repairs Exceeds Replacement Costs. When the cost of ongoing maintenance and repairs is greater than or approaching the cost of a new roof, replacing the roof may be the more economical long-term choice.

Does Insurance Cover Roof Leaks?

Whether insurance in Ohio covers commercial roof leaks depends on the specific terms and conditions of your insurance policy and the cause of the leak. Generally, standard commercial property insurance policies cover roof leaks from sudden and accidental events such as storms, hail, or falling objects.

However, there will be moments when learning how to fix a commercial roof leak will be demotivating if insurance won’t cover the costs. These instances include:

Negligence. Insurance may not cover the damage if the roof leak is due to the property owner’s failure to perform regular maintenance or repairs. Regular upkeep is a requirement for maintaining coverage.
Wear and Tear. Insurance typically does not cover damage from the natural aging and deterioration of roofing materials. Over time, roofs naturally degrade, and such gradual wear is usually the owner’s responsibility.
Poor Installation or Repairs. Insurance may deny coverage if the leak comes from improper installation or repairs. Letting qualified professionals conduct the installations and repairs is vital for maintaining coverage.
Pre-Existing Damage. Damage that existed before the policy took effect is generally not covered. Insurers usually inspect properties or require a home inspection report for roofing specialists when issuing a new policy to avoid assuming liability for pre-existing issues.
Certain Exclusions. Some policies have specific exclusions, including damage from certain weather events like hurricanes or floods, particularly if separate coverage is needed for these risks.
Manufacturer’s Defects. Leaks caused by defects in roofing materials or products are generally not covered by standard insurance. Instead, such issues may be covered under a manufacturer’s warranty.
Pest Infestation. Damage done by insects, rodents, or other pests leading to a commercial roof leak is rarely covered, as it falls under maintenance issues.
Long-Term Water Damage. If the leak has been occurring over an extended period without intervention, leading to further damage such as mold or decay, insurance may not cover the issue, as it could be deemed a maintenance failure.

Don’t Leave Your Commercial Roof In Disarray—Contact Roofs By Warren in Ohio Now!

Damaged commercial roofing should always be dealt with as soon as possible. Letting the damage untouched for a long time will cause major inconveniences and even lead to increased repair costs. But with proper maintenance and quick repair interventions, commercial roofs can last for years and give you peace of mind.

For clients looking for safe, quality, and compliant solutions, Roofs By Warren is here to serve. It’s vital that you hire us because we can install, repair, and maintain different types of roofing systems and achieve quality results. Partnering with us also means preventing hazards and using the proper techniques. This is why we are a five-star rated roofing company with an A+ rating from the BBB.

How to Repair a Commercial Roof